The new data 'challenges' many old assumptions. [=the new data gives people reasons to doubt many old assumptions]
He hopes to be the governor's 'challenger' in the next election. [=the candidate running against the governor]
The coach is confident that you will 'rise to the challenge'. [=the coach is confident that you will succeed]
(..) TOGETHER: Yeah! And it's you who brought us here in the first place. If any coward here dare challenge me, let him speak! I say we cut her throat and spill all her blood, just in case. MEN: Yeah! (..)2003 Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl