The new data 'challenges' many old assumptions. [=the new data gives people reasons to doubt many old assumptions]
He hopes to be the governor's 'challenger' in the next election. [=the candidate running against the governor]
The coach is confident that you will 'rise to the challenge'. [=the coach is confident that you will succeed]
(..) Oh, stop it. - "Quone"? - Thirty, , ... "Quone"? No, I'm afraid I'm gonna have to challenge that. No, you don't have to challenge that. That's a word. - That's a definite word. - I am challenging. "Quone." To "quone" something. (..)1990 TvShow: Seinfeld Title: The Stakeout Season: 1 Episode 2
(..) - Hey, Morty. - Salad dressing? - Look. - "Quo." Is that a word? - Maybe. - Will you challenge it? - Ma, you can't look up words... ...in the dictionary. Dad, she's cheating. "Quo"? That's not a word. - You're such a stickler. (..)1990 TvShow: Seinfeld Title: The Stakeout Season: 1 Episode 2