She agreed to help him 'out of the goodness of her heart'. [=because she is a kind and generous person]
He finally got a raise. 'Goodness knows' he deserved one. [=he certainly deserved one]
If you cook the vegetables too long, they'll lose all their (natural) 'goodness'.
(..) and spasmodic frantic disintegration. - Close your eyes. What do you see? - Nothing. -Open them. Now what do you see? -Spots. Aha! Now that heart. Ooh, my goodness! A palpitating syncopation ofthe killer diller... with the wicky wacky stomping ofthe floyjoy. Quick, Doctor, that report. (..)1940 Pinocchio