They made it 'painfully' obvious/clear that we were not welcome. [=they made it very clear in a way that was rude or upsetting that we were not welcome]
His ankle is swollen and 'painful to the touch'. [=his ankle hurts if he touches it]
After the injury she was 'painfully' aware that her career in tennis would be over.
(..) and he was doing all the off lines. It was not to be, but comfort yourselves with the thought... ...that you will die a needless and painful death... ...here in the Misty Mountains. No doubt some Dwarf minstrel will turn the whole sorry episode... ...into an irritating ballad in years to come. (..)2012 The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey