The pageant winner 'was stripped of' her crown/title after the scandal. [=she was forced to give up her crown/title after the scandal]
the team's 'away strip' [=the uniform that the team wears when it is not playing at its home field, stadium, etc.]
He 'stripped down' to his underwear. [=he took all his clothes off except for his underwear]
(..) Aye! The Umbers and the Karstarks have fought beside the Starks for centuries. - They've kept faith for generation after generation. - And then they broke faith. I'm not going to strip these families of their ancestral homes because of the crimes of a few reckless sons. So there's no punishment (..)2017 TvShow: Game of Thrones Title: Dragonstone Season: 7 Episode 1