The pageant winner 'was stripped of' her crown/title after the scandal. [=she was forced to give up her crown/title after the scandal]
the team's 'away strip' [=the uniform that the team wears when it is not playing at its home field, stadium, etc.]
He 'stripped down' to his underwear. [=he took all his clothes off except for his underwear]
(..) Then change your ethics. Or you can resign, and your deputy can make this call. And if he won't, then he can resign, too. I will strip away this entire department until I find who I need. Now make the call. - Okay, I'm on. - You ever use it? No, I use Google. (..)2016 TvShow: House of Cards Title: Chapter 45 Season: 4 Episode 6