The pageant winner 'was stripped of' her crown/title after the scandal. [=she was forced to give up her crown/title after the scandal]
the team's 'away strip' [=the uniform that the team wears when it is not playing at its home field, stadium, etc.]
He 'stripped down' to his underwear. [=he took all his clothes off except for his underwear]
(..) Look, I'm gonna orb over to Richard's, okay? And grab the bottle. No, you can't. He's-- He's crazy right now. He might hurt you, okay? I need to strip him of his powers. It's a whole thing. - Well, how is that gonna help? - Well, he's been corrupted by magic, and if I don't strip him of his powers, (..)2004 TvShow: Charmed Title: I Dream of Phoebe Season: 6 Episode 15