The pageant winner 'was stripped of' her crown/title after the scandal. [=she was forced to give up her crown/title after the scandal]
the team's 'away strip' [=the uniform that the team wears when it is not playing at its home field, stadium, etc.]
He 'stripped down' to his underwear. [=he took all his clothes off except for his underwear]
(..) (groans) (sniffing) Boy, I bet that mustache smells really bad, huh? Oh, don't you rip on my lip strip. (sniffs) I smell candles and-and pew polish. We're near a church. (sniffs) Catholic, if I (..)2016 TvShow: The Simpsons Title: Fland Canyon Season: 27 Episode 19