The pageant winner 'was stripped of' her crown/title after the scandal. [=she was forced to give up her crown/title after the scandal]
the team's 'away strip' [=the uniform that the team wears when it is not playing at its home field, stadium, etc.]
He 'stripped down' to his underwear. [=he took all his clothes off except for his underwear]
(..) Aye! The Umbers and the Karstarks have fought beside the Starks for centuries. - They've kept faith for generation after generation. - And then they broke faith. I'm not going to strip these families of their ancestral homes because of the crimes of a few reckless sons. So there's no punishment (..)2017 TvShow: Game of Thrones Title: Dragonstone Season: 7 Episode 1
(..) They'd pay... you know, a couple hundred bucks to people like my sister, give 'em drugs, psychedelics. LSD, mostly. And then they'd strip her naked and put her in these isolation tanks. - Isolation tanks? - Yeah. These big bathtubs, basically, filled with salt water, (..)2016 TvShow: Stranger Things Title: Chapter Six: The Monster Season: 1 Episode 6
(..) Still.../ Yeah, you're totally right. I'm sorry. What is the matter?/ I don't know. I just know you're gonna go to a strip club when you're out there. Melissa, we're going to Napa Valley. I don't even think they have strip club in wine country. I'm sure if there's one, (..)2009 The Hangover